Core Concepts
Simultaneous Interpretation
Interpreting in real-time while the speaker is still talking, typically using soundproof booths and equipment.
Consecutive Interpretation
The speaker pauses every few sentences, and the interpreter then renders the message in the target language.
Sight Translation
The oral translation of a written document on the spot, without preparation.
Whispered Interpretation (Chuchotage)
Simultaneous interpretation without equipment, whispered directly to one or two listeners.
Sign Language Interpretation
Translating between spoken language and sign language in real-time.
Remote Interpretation
Interpretation conducted via video conferencing or telephone, without physical presence.
Worked Examples & Applications
Consecutive Interpretation Process: 1) Speaker delivers segment (2-3 minutes) → 2) Interpreter takes notes using shorthand → 3) Interpreter renders full message in target language → 4) Repeat. Common in medical and legal settings.
Note-Taking System: Interpreters use symbols and abbreviations: → (leads to), ← (results from), ↑ (increase), ↓ (decrease), ∴ (therefore), ≠ (is not), w/o (without), b/c (because).
Practice Questions
Q: What is the main difference between consecutive and simultaneous interpretation? A: Consecutive is done after the speaker pauses; simultaneous is done in real-time while the speaker is talking.
Q: What equipment is needed for simultaneous interpretation? A: Soundproof booths, headphones, microphones, and a transmission system for the audience.